Asthma
Definition
Asthma (bronchial asthma) is a chronic inflammation and hypersensitivity of the airway mucosa to various stimuli. During an asthma attack, the bronchial tubes in the lungs narrow, leading to restricted breathing and reduced oxygen uptake. Shortness of breath, coughing, and difficulty breathing are signs of an asthma attack.
As an immediate measure against an asthma attack, medications that cause the bronchi to dilate are recommended. These are primarily β2-agonists, which bind to β2 receptors in the bronchial muscles. In contrast, corticosteroids are administered to treat the inflammatory symptoms.
Treatment of Asthma and Doping
According to WADA regulations, all substances not included on the Prohibited List are, of course, permitted for the treatment of asthma.
Regarding prohibited doping substances, special regulations must be observed when using β2-agonists and corticosteroids. In general, athletes who wish to use β2-agonists for medical treatment must apply for a Therapeutic Use Exemption (TUE) (see also β2-agonists).
When using corticosteroids, a distinction must be made between systemic and local applications. While systemic applications are prohibited, local applications (e.g., inhaled preparations) are permitted (see also Glucocorticoids).
Further information
For information on asthma, see:
www.atemwegsliga.de: German Respiratory League, comprehensive information on respiratory diseases such as asthma, Asthma and Sports (Guidelines for Physicians and Physical Education Teachers)