....................... 232 Sobolevsky T, Piper T, Ahrens B, Thevis M: AICAr to SAICAr ratio can serve as additional marker of AICAr use............................................... 233 RECENT ADVANCES [...] in previous publications [2-4]. The detection of testosterone esters in blood or serum samples can serve as direct proof of its application, because unlike testosterone itself, the esters of these substances [...] these metabolites, potentially even indicative for subcutaneous administration of the drugs, could serve as promising targets for the detection of hGH and IGF-I misuse in future anti-doping applications