Alcohol


Alcohol is used as a performance-enhancing substance in sports where nervousness can lead to a decline in performance. Photo: iStock.com/mishooo

As of January 1, 2018, alcohol is no longer listed as a prohibited substance on the WADA Prohibited List

Statement from the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) regarding the decision to remove alcohol from the Prohibited List:
"After careful consideration and extensive consultation, alcohol was excluded from the Prohibited List. The intent of this change is not to compromise the integrity or safety of any sport where alcohol use is a concern, but rather to endorse a different means of enforcing bans on alcohol use in these sports. The four International Federations (IFs) affected by this change have been notified sufficiently in advance to amend their rules and implement protocols to test for alcohol use and appropriately sanction athletes who do not comply with the rules of their sport. Control of the process will allow IFs greater flexibility in applying rules or thresholds as they deem appropriate. National Anti-Doping Organizations are no longer required to conduct tests but may assist IFs and National Federations where appropriate."

Alcohol as a prohibited substance until December 31, 2017

Until the end of 2017, alcohol was listed on the WADA Prohibited List for various sports.

Significance as a doping agent

In most sports, alcohol does not lead to improved performance.

Exceptions, however, are those sports where sympathetic arousal (nervousness) can lead to a decline in performance. For example, in shooting sports such as shooting, modern pentathlon, and biathlon, small amounts of alcohol can positively influence performance in a nervous athlete.

Prohibited List as of January 1, 2017

According to the WADA Anti-Doping Code—List of Prohibited Substances and Methods—as of January 1, 2017, only four international sports federations have banned alcohol on competition day, with a blood alcohol limit of 0.1 g/L.

Federation (English)    Abbrev.Federation (German)Threshold
Air SportsFAIAir sports0.10 g/L 
Archery FITAArchery0.10 g/L 
Automobiles FIAMotorsports0.10 g/L 
Powerboating UIMBoating0.10 g/L 
    

In 2004, alcohol was still prohibited on competition days in 9 sports.

WADA Prohibited List 01/01/2004: 

Federation (English)Abbrev.Federation (German)Threshold
AeronauticFAIAir sports0.20 g/L 
ArcheryFITAArchery0.10 g/L 
AutomobilesFIAMotorsports0.10 g/L 
BilliardsWCBSBilliards0.20 g/L 
BoulesCMSBoules0.10 g/L 
Karate WKFKarate0.10 g/L 
Modern Pentathlon UIPMModern Pentathlon0.10 g/L 
Motorcycling FIMMotorcycle racing 
Skiing FISSki0.10 g/L